![]() The phosphagen system and first phase of glycolysis (fast glycolysis) are anaerobic mechanisms that occur in the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell. Anaerobic processes do not require the presence of oxygen. We know two types of the metabolism (anaerobic and aerobic). Three basic energy systems exist in human muscle cells to replenish ATP: This adduct is classified as a high energy molecule because it stores large amounts of energy in the chemical bonds of two terminal phosphate groups. The hydrolysis of ATP is catalyzed by presence of an enzyme called adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase). The breakdown of one molecule of ATP to yield energy is known as hydrolysis, because it requires one molecule of water. Adenosine is the combination of adenine (a nitrogen base) and ribose (a five carbon sugar). Without an adequate supply of ATP, muscular activity and growth would not be possible.įigure 4 Molecule Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Īdenosine triphosphate is composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups. Energy derived from catabolic or exergonic is used to drive anabolic or endergonics reactions through an intermediate molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP).Īdenosine triphosphate allows the transfer of energy from exergonic to endergonic reactions. Metabolism is the total of all the catabolic or exergonic and anabolic or endergonic reactions in a biological system. breakdown of adenosine troposphere into adenosine diphosphate).Įndergonic reactions require energy and include anabolic processes. synthesis of proteins from amino acids).Įxegetic reactions are energy-releasing reaction and are generally catabolic (e.g. ![]() It is the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules (e.g. breakdown of glycogen into glucose).Īnabolism is opposite of catabolism. vzniká rozkladem vysoce energetických vazeb high-energy bonds v těchto makroživinách, které uvolňují energii potřebnou k vykonání mechanické práce.Ĭatabolism is the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules, associated with the release of energy (e.g. Basic Terminologyīioenergetics or the flow of energy in a biological system, concerns primarily the conversion of macronutrients-carbohydrates, proteins and fats, which contain chemical energy.Įnergy emerges with the decomposition of high-energy bonds in such macronutrients which release energy needed to carry out mechanic work. Efficient and productive training program can be designed through an understanding of the process of energy repletion for muscle work of various inensity and duration of load. Metabolic specificity of exercise and training is based on an understanding of the transfer of energy in biological systems.
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